Astari 
Ijen is part of the larger volcano complex on the eastern edge of Java Island in Indonesia, with an elevation of 9,183 feet above sea level.
Situated near this geological marvel is the town of Banyuwangi, which serves as a gateway for trekking to the volcano.
What sets it apart is the presence of the world’s largest acidic crater lake within its caldera, known as Kawah Ijen.
This turquoise-blue lake contrasts with the rugged, barren landscape, boasting an impressive depth of approximately 660 feet and an area of about 0.16 mi2.
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Sulfur Mining in Ijen
Sulfur mining is a longstanding tradition at the Ijen crater.
Deep within the crater, miners extract sulfur deposits that have crystallized in the fumaroles.
The sight of these laborious miners, often carrying heavy loads of sulfur on their shoulders, adds a poignant human element to the natural beauty of the area.
Locally known as “Kawah Ijen miners,” they face hazardous paths and heavy loads while extracting sulfur, which is used in various industries, including cosmetics and chemicals.
The Blue Fire Crater Phenomenon
Located within the volcanic complex of Mount Ijen, the Blue Fire is a rare occurrence caused by the combustion of sulfuric gases emerging from the fumaroles within the crater.
This otherworldly phenomenon usually occurs during the dark hours of the night, creating an ethereal and surreal ambiance.
Blue flames, reaching 16 feet, result from sulfur combustion igniting upon contact with air.
The vivid blue hue is intensified by the darkness of the night, creating an awe-inspiring display.
The surreal contrast of blue flames, dark surroundings, and starlit sky makes the Blue Fire Crater unforgettable.
To witness this extraordinary phenomenon, visitors typically embark on a guided night trek to the crater.
Standing on the crater edge, surrounded by blue flames and hissing gas, connects profoundly with nature’s beauty.
Flora and Fauna in Ijen
Despite the harsh conditions in the crater, Mount Ijen’s surrounding landscape is rich in biodiversity.
The flora in the region includes various plant species adapted to volcanic soil conditions.
The lower slopes feature tropical rainforests with an assortment of trees, ferns, and flowering plants.
As elevation increases, the vegetation transitions to montane forests, characterized by mosses, lichens, and unique alpine plants.
Some endemic species thrive in the acidic soil of the volcanic terrain.
The rich biodiversity extends to avian and mammalian inhabitants. Birdwatchers can spot various species, including the Javan hawk-eagle, Java kingfisher, and various songbirds.
Mammals such as macaques, deer, and civets also inhabit the park, adapting to diverse ecosystems at different elevations.
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Inhabited by the Osing People
The Osing people are the indigenous inhabitants who cultivate the fertile soil on the slopes of the mountain. They grow crops such as coffee, cloves, and vegetables.
They also actively participate in the collection of forest resources, including medicinal herbs and timber, utilizing sustainable methods to preserve the ecosystem.
Additionally, the Osing people are known for their unique cultural traditions, including music, dance, and ceremonies that celebrate their heritage and connection to Mount Ijen.